PME Thesis Defense: Qian Xu, Jiang Group

Towards Practical Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving classically intractable problems. However, their susceptibility to environmental decoherence poses a significant challenge. To enable practical utility-scale quantum computing, fault-tolerant quantum computers capable of overcoming physical errors are in demand. Leading fault-tolerant schemes, such as those based on surface codes, suffer from large space-time overheads, necessitating millions of physical qubits and lengthy computation times.

In this talk, we introduce new fault-tolerant schemes by leveraging new hardware and coding features. Specifically, we present new schemes for bosonic systems that feature an infinitedimensional Hilbert space, design noise-tailored topological codes, and investigate lowoverhead schemes on hardware with long-range connectivity using quantum low-densityparity-check codes. Our results demonstrate that by incorporating these hardware-specific schemes and employing improved quantum codes, we can drastically reduce the overhead barrier toward practical fault-tolerant quantum computing.

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